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The Composition C family is a family of related US-specified plastic explosives consisting primarily of RDX. All can be moulded by hand for use in demolition work and packed by hand into shaped charge devices. Variants have different proportions and plasticisers and include composition C-2, composition C-3, and composition C-4. The term ''composition'' is used for any explosive material compounded from several ingredients. In particular, in the 1940s the format "Composition The original material was developed by the British during World War II, and standardised as Composition C when introduced to US service. This material consisted of 88.3% RDX and a mineral oil-based plasticiser and phlegmatiser. It suffered from a relatively limited range of serviceable temperatures, and was replaced by Composition C-2 around 1943. Composition C-2 contained a slightly smaller proportion of RDX, but used an explosive plasticiser, which contained tetryl, nitrocellulose and a mixture of nitroaromatics produced during the manufacture of TNT (containing trinitrotoluene, dinitrotoluene and mononitrotoluene), and a trace of solvent. While Composition C-2 had a much wider serviceable temperature range than Composition C, it could not be stored at elevated temperatures. Consequently it was replaced around 1944 by Composition C-3. Composition C-3 was very similar to Composition C-2, but removed the solvent and varied the exact proportions of plasticisers to improve high temperature storage. It is a yellow, putty-like material. It remained a service item through the Korean War, but had marginal plasticity at the very low temperatures encountered in Korean winters, and was significantly toxic, including by vapour and skin absorption.〔 〕 The velocity of detonation is about 7600 m/s (25,000 feet per second.) Composition C-3 consists: 77%–85% cyclonite (RDX) and 15%–23% gel made out of liquid nitro compounds (e.g. liquid DNT and small amount of NT) and nitrocellulose or butyl phthalate and nitrocellulose. One of the first reported and tested Composition of C-3 was very similar to earlier Composition C-2 and contained: 77% of RDX, 3% of tetryl, 4% of TNT, 1% of NC, 5% of NT, and 10% of DNT. 〔 (【引用サイトリンク】 title= Explosives - Compositions ) 〕 The last two compounds (they are very poor explosives) are oily liquids and plasticize the mixture. The most important later innovation of C-3 there was introduced non-explosives plasticizer butyl phthalate instead of this mixture of nitro compounds. In such way the toxicity of C-3 was reduced, the concentration of RDX was increased, it improved safety of usage and storage. it also opened way to start study on applying new non-explosive and low toxic plasticizer (esters dicarboxylic acid) and binder (branched polymers). Research on a replacement for C-3 was begun prior to 1950, but the new material, new generation of Composition C (number four, C-4), did not begin pilot production until 1956. The Composition C-3 was improved and designed as well-known Composition C-4. Since 1960 the mixture of C-4 has contained: * 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Composition C」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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